Cranial
Nerves: Fundal Examination
- Darken the room as much as possible.
- Adjust the ophthalmoscope so that the light is no brighter
than necessary. Adjust the aperture to a large plain
white circle. Set the diopter dial to zero unless you have
determined a better setting for your eyes.
- Use your left hand and left eye
to examine the patient's left eye. Use your right hand
and right eye to examine the patient's right eye.
Place your free hand on the patient's shoulder for better control.
- Ask the patient to stare at a point on the wall or corner of
the room.
- Look through the ophthalmoscope
and shine the light into the patient's eye from about two feet
away. You should see the retina
as a "red reflex."
- Adjust the diopter dial to bring the retina into focus. Find
a blood vessel and follow it to the optic disk. Use this as a
point of reference.
- Inspect outward from the optic disk in at least four quadrants.
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