Neurological Examination of the Arm 3: Increased tone

Spasticity:

  • Clasp knife
  • Initially stiff to move but suddenly "gives" as tendon stretches

 

 

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Rigidity
  • Lead pipe
  • Feeling of bending a pipe of lead
    (due to basal ganglial disease such as Parkinson's)
  • Tremor + increased tone (rigidity) = cogwheeling
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Patient with increased tone
 
Power
(grades)
Power
(tests)
Co-ordination
(rapid alternating movements)
Co-ordination
(point-to-point movements)
Sensation
(light touch)
Dermatomes
(revision)
Sensation
(vibration)
Sensation
(joint position)
Sensation
(temperature)